பல்ஸ் ஆக்ஸிமீட்டர் - தெரிந்து கொள்வோம் - Pulse Oximeter - How it works?

Pulse Oximeter - how pulse oximeter works?

Typically, more than 89 percent of your blood should be carrying oxygen. 

This is the oxygen saturation level needed to keep your cells — and your body — healthy. 

An oxygen saturation level of 95 percent is considered normal for most healthy individuals. 

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive and painless test that measures your oxygen saturation level, 

or the oxygen levels in your blood.

A small clamp-like device is placed on a finger, earlobe, or toe. 

Small beams of light pass through the blood in the finger, measuring the amount of oxygen. 

It does this by measuring changes of light absorption in oxygenated or deoxygenated blood. 

This is a painless process.The pulse oximeter will thus be able to tell you your 

oxygen saturation levels along with your heart rate.

பெரிடோனியல் டயாலிசிஸ் சிகிச்சை முறை - Peritoneal Dialysis

Dialysis

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Dialysis is a way of cleaning your blood when your kidneys can no longer do the job. 

It gets rid of your body's wastes,extra salt and water, and helps to control your blood pressure.

Peritoneal Dialysis

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During peritoneal dialysis, a cleansing fluid flows through a tube (catheter) into part of your abdomen. 

The lining of your abdomen (peritoneum) acts as a filter and removes waste products from your blood. 

After a set period of time, the fluid with the filtered waste products flows out of your abdomen and is discarded.

These treatments can be done at home, at work or while traveling.But peritoneal dialysis isn't an 

option for everyone with kidney failure. 

About dialysate

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Dialysate, also called dialysis fluid, dialysis solution or bath, is a solution of pure water, 

electrolytes and salts, such as bicarbonate and sodium. The purpose of dialysate is to pull toxins 

from the blood into the dialysate.

ECG (Electro Cardio Gram) மற்றும் ஹோல்டர் மானிட்டர் ஈ.சி.ஜி Holter Monitor ECG

ECG and Holter Monitor ECG

ECG, also referred to as EKG, is the abbreviation of the word electrocardiogram – a heart test that tracks the electrical activity of your heart and records it on a moving paper or shows it as a moving line on a screen. An ECG scan is used to analyze the heart’s rhythm and detect irregularities and other cardiac issues that might lead to serious health problems such as a stroke or heart attack.

To get an ECG trace, an ECG monitor is needed to record it.

As the electrical signals move through the heart, the ECG monitor records the strength

and the timing of these signals in a graph called a P wave.

Traditional monitors use patches and wires to attach electrodes to the body and communicate

the ECG trace to a receiver.

The length of an ECG test varies depending on the type of the test being performed.

Sometimes it can take a few seconds or minutes. For longer, more continuous monitoring

there are devices that can record your ECG for several days or even a week or two.

Holter monitor

The electrical activity of the heart is typically recorded over a period of 24 hours.

Three or four electrodes are attached to your chest, and a small recording device is worn on a belt or

hung around your neck. The ECG data are then transferred to a computer

later on at the doctor's office for analysis. To do this, the doctor also needs information about your

daily schedule (like unusual events, physical activity and sleep). A Holter monitor may be used if,

for instance, you only have an irregular heartbeat some of the time and it doesn't show up in a “normal” ECG.

MRI ஸ்கேன் பரிசோதனை தெரிந்து கொள்வோம் - MRI Scan Procedure

MRI Scan - Uses and Procedure

MRI scan uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of parts of 

the body that can't be seen as well with X-rays, CT scans or ultrasound.

The human body is mostly water. Water molecules (H2O) contain hydrogen nuclei (protons), 

which become aligned in a magnetic field. An MRI scanner applies a very strong magnetic field 

(about 0.2 to 3 teslas, or roughly a thousand times the strength of a typical fridge magnet), 

which aligns the proton "spins."

The scanner also produces a radio frequency current that creates a varying magnetic field. 

The protons absorb the energy from the magnetic field and flip their spins. When the field is turned off, the protons gradually return to their normal spin, a process called precession. 

The return process produces a radio signal that can be measured by receivers 

in the scanner and made into an image.Protons in different body tissues return to their normal spins at different rates, so the scanner can distinguish among various types of tissue. The scanner settings 

can be adjusted to produce contrasts between different body tissues. Additional magnetic fields 

are used to produce 3-dimensional images that may be viewed from different angles. 

CT ஸ்கேன் பரிசோதனை தெரிந்து கொள்வோம் - CT or CAT Scan

CT Scan or CAT Scan

A CT scan or a computed tomography scan is a large machine with the ability 

to take x-rays which is aimed at a patient then quickly rotated fully around 

the body of the patient which produces a tomographic image or slices of within the body. 

These images are taken through the whole body which then uses 

these photos to create a slice image. These CT scans are more beneficial 

as they can be used through the whole body and can locate structures and abnormalities. 

Where the X-rays are emitted in the cylinder is called the emitter and 

180° to the emitter is the receiver in which the x-ray image is imprinted on. 

The patient is laid out on a bed which moves through the cylindrical the scanner 

then circles the patient then the x-rays are received at many 

different points as the emitter and receiver are rotated around the patient. 

Each time the bed moves the patient the scanner circles them again. 

The x-rays are analysed by a computer and then the computer constructs an image in slices of the patient.  

ரூட் கனால் சிகிச்சை --- Root Canal Treatment

Root Canal Treatment

A root canal is a treatment used to repair and save a tooth that is badly decayed or becomes infected. 

During a root canal procedure, 

the nerve and pulp are removed and the inside of the tooth is cleaned and sealed. 

Treatment Procedure:

The first step in the procedure is to take an X-ray to see the shape of 

the root canals and determine if there are any signs of infection in a surrounding bone. 

An access hole will then be drilled into the tooth. The pulp along with bacteria, 

the decayed nerve tissue and related debris is removed from the tooth. 

Water or sodium hypochlorite is used periodically to flush away the debris.

Once the tooth is thoroughly cleaned, it is sealed.

to fill the interior of the tooth, a sealer paste 

and a rubber compound called gutta percha is placed into the tooth's root canal. 

then,cap is placed on the tooth, to protect it and prevent it from breaking.

HbA1C - நீரிழிவு நோயை கண்டறிய HbA1C பரிசோதனை ஏன் செய்யப்படுகிறது?

HBA1C - Definition - Easy and Quick Reference



The term HbA1c refers to glycated haemoglobin. It develops when haemoglobi, 

a protein within red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body, 

joins with glucose in the blood, becoming ‘glycated’.By measuring glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), 

clinicians are able to get an overall picture of what our average blood sugar levels 

have been over a period of weeks/months.



For people with diabetes this is important as the higher the HbA1c, 

the greater the risk of developing diabetes-related complications.



HbA1c is also referred to as haemoglobin A1c or simply A1c.



Normal Levels of Hemoglobin A1c 

In healthy people, the HbA1c level is less than 6% of total hemoglobin. 

A level of 6.5% signals that diabetes is present. 

Studies have demonstrated that the complications of diabetes can be delayed or 

prevented if the HbA1c level can be kept below 7%. It is recommended that treatment of diabetes be 

directed at keeping an individual's HbA1c level as close to normal as possible (<6%) without episodes of 

hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels).



HbA1c Levels





Normal Below 5.7 %

Prediabetes 5.7% to 6.4%

Diabetes 6.5% or greater