HPV Vaccination

HPV Vaccination - What you need to know?



Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs

in the cells of the cervix — the lower part of the uterus

that connects to the vagina.



Various strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV),

a sexually transmitted infection, play a role in causing most cervical cancer.



When exposed to HPV, a woman's immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm.

In a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years, contributing to the process that

causes some cells on the surface of the cervix to become cancer cells.

One out of 4 women who die of cervical cancer is from India.

every seven minutes one woman dies of cervical cancer in India.

Cervical cancer kills roughly 60000 Indian women annually.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been detected in 99.7% of all cases of Cervical Cancer worldwide.



The HPV vaccine is made from tiny proteins,

When the vaccine is given, the body makes antibodies

in response to the protein to clear it from the body.

If a person is then exposed to the real virus,

the same antibodies can prevent it from

entering the cells of the body and creating an infection (immunity).

quadrivalent vaccine - for four strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) -- HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18.



Bivalent vaccine - for human papillomavirus (HPV) -- HPV-16, and 18.

The best way to get information about HPV vaccination is by visiting a gynaecologist.

HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for82%of cervical cancers in India.

Do males need HPV vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is safe and effective. It can protect men against warts and certain cancers caused by HPV.

An Age limit for HPV vaccination?

The best time is between

9-13 years of age before they become sexually active.

HPV vaccination is recommended for all sexually active adults.

It can be given until age 45.

Vaccines against hpv are successful at preventing the development of those viruses.



Who should not get the HPV vaccine?

people with the allergy and it is not recommended for pregnant women.



vaccinated women will still need regular cervical cancer screening

because the vaccine protects against most but not all HPV types that cause cervical cancer.



Cervical cancer, mainly caused by Human Papillomavirus infection,

is the leading cancer in Indian women and the second most common cancer in women worldwide.

பயாப்சி (BIOPSY)--திசுப் பரிசோதனை தெரிந்து கொள்வோம் !! (English Subtitle...

Biopsies - Overview

A biopsy is the only sure way to diagnosis most cancers.

When a nodule is detected, imaging tests may be 

performed to help determine if it is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).



Using imaging guidance, the physician will insert the needle through the skin, 

advance it to the site of the nodule and remove samples of tissue. 

Several specimens may be needed for complete analysis.

After the sampling, the needle will be removed.



After the tissue is collected, it is sent to a laboratory for analysis. 

A pathologist will examine the biopsy tissue under a microscope. 

A full report from the pathologist will be sent to your doctor in a few days.

The results can take anywhere from 4 to 7 days.



There are several different kinds of biopsies. Your doctor will choose the type to use based 

on your condition and the area of your body that needs closer review.



bone marrow biopsy

If your doctor suspects that there are problems with your blood like leukemia, anemia, infection, or lymphoma..

you may undergo a bone marrow biopsy.Bone marrow is most easily accessed using a long needle inserted into your hipbone. 

Endoscopic biopsies

Endoscopic biopsies are used to reach tissue inside the body in order to gather samples from places like the bladder, colon, or lung.

The endoscope can be inserted through a small incision in your body, or through any opening in the body, 

including the mouth, nose, rectum, or urethra. 

skin biopsy

your skin which is suspicious for a certain condition,your doctor may perform or order a biopsy of the involved area of skin. 

Surgical biopsy

Surgical biopsy--a surgeon may need to get a specimen using a laparoscope or by making a traditional incision.



While a biopsy may sound scary, it’s important to remember that most are entirely pain-free and low-risk procedures.