Anemia - Reasons , Symptoms, Treatment

Anemia

Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell

count or hemoglobin is less than normal.

what is hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin is a red pigment that imparts the familiar red color to

red blood cells and to blood.Functionally, hemoglobin is the key

chemical compound that combines with oxygen from the lungs and carries

the oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body.

The blood also transports carbon dioxide, which is the waste product of this

energy production process, back to the lungs from which

it is exhaled into the air. The transport of the carbon dioxide

back to the lung is also achieved by hemoglobin.

What are the signs and symptoms of anemia

Some individuals with anemia have no symptoms.

Others with anemia may feel:

feel tired,

become easily fatigued,

appear pale,

have a feeling of a heart racing,

feel short of breath, and/or

have worsening heart problems.

What is the treatment for anemia?

Sometimes iron supplements will also be needed to correct

iron deficiency.

How Can I Calculate My Due Date?

How Can I Calculate My Due Date?

 It's a simple calculation:

Add seven days to the first day of your LMP, then subtract three months.

Using the example of June 1 as the first day of your last period, this would give a due date of March 8.

What if I Don't Know the Date of My Last Menstrual Period?

 If you have no idea when your last period was, your doctor may order an ultrasound to determine your due date.

An ultrasound allows your doctor to measure the crown-rump length (CRL), or length of the fetus from one end to the other. During the first trimester, this measurement provides the most accurate estimation for the age of the baby.



Ultrasound measurements for estimating the age of a fetus are more accurate during the early stages of pregnancy. In the first few weeks, fetuses tend to develop at the same rate.

 However, as pregnancy progresses, the rates of fetal growth begin to vary from pregnancy to pregnancy. This is why ultrasound measurements can’t be used to accurately predict the age of the baby in the later stages of pregnancy.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - Reasons, Symptoms, Treatment

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.

what causes it

Doctors don’t know exactly what causes PCOS. They believe it stems from factors such as

 genes,

insulin resistance,

and higher levels of inflammation in the body

symptoms

PCOS can disrupt the menstrual cycle,leading to fewer periods.

 Acne,

 hair growth,

 weight gain,

and dark skin patches

How PCOS is diagnosed

Doctors diagnose PCOS if women have at least two of three main symptoms — high androgen levels,

 irregular periods,

 and cysts in the ovaries.

 A pelvic exam,

blood tests,

and ultrasound can confirm the diagnosis.

medical treatments

PCOS can make it harder to get pregnant, and it can increase your risk for pregnancy complications and miscarriage.

 Weight loss and other treatments can improve your odds of having a healthy pregnancy

Urine incontinence - Reasons, Symptoms, Treatment

Urine incontinence  -  Reasons, Symptoms, Treatment

Many women suffer from urinary leakage. Treatments are available to reduce or eliminate 

leaking.

The most common causes of urine incontinence include:

Overactive bladder muscles

Weakened pelvic floor muscles

Nerve damage that affects bladder control

during exercise,

 heavy lifting,

 coughing,

 sneezing,

 laughing.

Most physicians will use the following:

A bladder diary,

Lifestyle changes and exercises

Medicines.

Surgery

Master health checkup

The general medical examination is a common form of preventive medicine involving visits to a general practitioner by well feeling adults on a regular basis. This is generally yearly or less frequently. It is known under various non-specific names, such as the periodic

health evaluation, annual physical, comprehensive medical exam, general health check, preventive health examination, medical check-up or simply medical.





The term is generally not meant to include visits for the purpose of newborn checks, Pap smears for cervical cancer, or regular visits for people with certain chronic medical disorders (for example, diabetes). The general medical examination generally involves a

 medical history, a (brief or complete) physical examination and sometimes laboratory tests. Some more advanced tests include ultrasound and mammography.

Early Puberty in Girls -- What parents should know

A condition in which a child's body begins changing into that of an adult too soon.

Being obese:

   Children who are significantly overweight have a higher risk of developing precocious puberty.

Complications

  Possible complications of precocious puberty include:



Short height:

  Children with precocious puberty may grow quickly   at first and be tall, compared with their peers.   But, because their bones mature more quickly than normal,

  they often stop growing earlier than usual. 

  This can cause them to be shorter than average as adults.





Social and emotional problems:

  Girls and boys who begin puberty long before their   peers may be extremely self-conscious about the changes   occurring in their bodies. This may affect self-esteem 

  and increase the risk of depression or substance abuse.

Prevention

    Encouraging your child to maintain a healthy weight

Egg Freezing-- Oocyte cryopreservation-- what women need to know

Egg freezing

Egg freezing, or oocyte cryopreservation, is a process in which a woman's eggs (oocytes) are extracted,frozen and stored as a method to preserve reproductive potential in women of reproductive age.

Who Needs Egg (oocyte) Freezing?

Cryopreservation of the oocytes can be considered for 

a variety of reasons:



1. Women with cancer requiring chemotherapy and/or pelvic   radiation therapy that may affect fertility.

2. Surgery that may cause damage to the ovaries.   Risk of premature ovarian failure because of chromosomal   abnormalities (e.g. Turner syndrome, fragile X syndrome),    or family history of early menopause.

3. Ovarian disease with risk of damage to the ovaries.   Genetic mutations requiring removing the ovaries    (e.g. BRCA mutation).

4. Fertility preservation for social or personal reasons   to delay childbearing.