First aid - for an open abdominal injury

First aid - for an open abdominal injury?

With a severe open injury, abdominal organs sometimes protrude through the wound.

 To care for an open wound to the abdomen, follow these steps:

* Put on disposable gloves or use another barrier.

* Carefully position the person on his or her back with the knees bent, if that position does not cause pain.

* Do not apply direct pressure.

* Do not push any protruding organs back into the open wound.

* Remove clothing from around the wound.

* Apply moist, sterile dressings loosely over the wound (clean, warm tap water can be used).

* Cover dressings loosely

See a doctor immediately.

First aid for a cut

What is the first aid for a cut?

* Apply direct pressure until bleeding stops.

* Clean area with warm water 

* Apply a sterile bandage.

* Apply ice and elevate hand to reduce swelling.

* If a finger or part of a finger has been cut off, collect all parts and tissue and place in a plastic bag on ice for  transport to the hospital with the person.

* See a doctor immediately.

First aid for fits attack

what do you do when someone is having seizure/fits

Keep other people back.

Clear hard or sharp objects, like glasses and furniture, away.

Cushion their head.

Loosen clothing around their neck, if you can safely.

Don't try to hold them down or stop their movements.



Don't leave someone who's had a seizure alone. Stay until they're fully aware 

of where they are and can respond normally when you talk to them. Speak calmly.

Reassure them and explain what they missed if they're confused or

frightened. Don't give them anything to drink or eat until they've completely recovered.

First aid fire rescue

IMMEDIATE ASSISTANCE AND FIRST AID ON THE SPOT IN FIRE DISASTERS 

1. When clothes catch fire, victim should fall to floor or ground and roll 

in carpet or blanket if available; Otherwise, stop, drop, roll, 

and beat out flames with anything available.

Running causes flames to spread.



2. Immerse burned areas in cool water for 10 minutes or apply cool water compresses. 

  This limits tissue destruction and helps prevent further complications.

3. Do not apply any ointments to area.

4. Call out for family member and have someone contact police, fire, or emergency squad.

Difficulty Breathing -- First Aid / Shortness of breath - first aid

Some medical emergencies that can cause breathing problems are:



Being at a high altitude

Blood clot in the lung

Collapsed lung (pneumothorax)

Heart attack

Injury to the neck, chest wall, or lungs

Near drowning, which causes fluid buildup in the lungs





If someone is having breathing difficulty



1. Check the person's airway, breathing, and pulse.

2. push hard and fast on the center of the victim's chest.

3. tilt the victim's head back an lift the chin to open air way.

4. give mouth to mouth rescue breaths.

First aid for heart attack

Heart Attack

First aid

* push hard and fast on the center of the victim's chest.

* tilt the victim's head back an lift the chin to open air way.

* give mouth to mouth rescue breaths.

Know Heart Attack Symptoms

 * Chest discomfort that may last more than a few minutes or go away and come back.

   it may feel like squeezing, fullness, pressure, or pain.

 * Pain or discomfort in the upper body, including arm, left shoulder, 

   back, neck, jaw, or below the breastbone

 * Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath (with or without chest pain)

 * Sweating or "cold sweat"

 * Indigestion, heartburn, nausea, or vomiting

Low blood sugar -- Reasons, Symptoms, how to prevent?

Hypoglycemia or Low blood sugar

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall below 60mg/dL.Whilst many of us think of diabetes as being a problem of high blood sugar levels, the medication some people with diabetes

take medication that can also cause their sugar levels to go too low and this can become dangerous.

What are the causes of hypoglycemia?

Whilst medication is the main factor involved in hypoglycemia within people with diabetes,

 a number of other factors can increase the risk of hypos occurring.



Factors linked to a greater risk of hypos include:



Too high a dose of medication (insulin or hypo causing tablets)

Delayed meals

Exercise

What are the symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Sweating

Fatigue

Feeling dizzy

Being pale

Feeling weak

Feeling hungry

A higher heart rate than usual

Blurred vision

Confusion

Loss of consciousness

And in extreme cases, coma

How do I treat hypoglycemia?

A mild case of hypoglycemia can be treated through eating or drinking 15-20g of fast acting carbohydrate such as glucose tablets,

sweets, sugary fizzy drinks or fruit juice.



Severe hypos can be treated with glucagon if a glucagon injection kit is available and in date.

How to control diabetes in Tamil #diabetes#diabetescure

How to control blood sugar

1. Exercise Regularly

Exercise increases insulin sensitivity and helps your muscles pick up

sugars from the blood. This can lead to reduced blood sugar levels.

2. Implement Portion Control

The more control you have over your serving sizes the better control

you will have over your blood sugar levels.

3. Control Stress Levels

Controlling stress levels through exercise or relaxation methods

such as yoga will help you control blood sugars.

4. Lose Some Weight

Keeping a healthy weight and waistline will help you maintain normal blood sugar levels

and decrease your risk of developing diabetes.

5. Follow a Balanced Diet with Complex Carbs

Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, lean protein and good sources of fat.

Foods to avoid are those rich in trans fats (also called hydrogenated fat),

processed food, and sugar.

6. Give Up Smoking

Types of Diabetes

Types of diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

    A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 to 10 out of 100 people who have diabetes. In type 1 diabetes,

the body's immune system destroys the cells that release insulin, eventually

eliminating insulin production from the body.Without insulin, cells cannot absorb sugar,

which they need to produce energy.

Type 2 diabetes

  A chronic condition that affects the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).

Type 2 diabetes can develop at any age. It most commonly becomes apparent during adulthood.

But type 2 diabetes in children is rising. Type 2 diabetes accounts for the vast majority 

of people who have diabetes-90 to 95 out of 100 people. In type 2 diabetes, the body isn't 

able to use insulin the right way. This is called insulin resistance. 

As type 2 diabetes gets worse, the pancreas may make less and less insulin. 

This is called insulin deficiency.

Prediabetes

   A condition in which blood sugar is high, but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes

 A form of high blood sugar affecting pregnant women

Test for diabetes

Diabetes Tests

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test

The FPG blood test measures your blood glucose level at a single point in time. For the most reliable results, it is best to have this test in the morning, after you fast for at least 8 hours. Fasting means having nothing to eat or drink except sips of water.

Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

The OGTT is a more expensive test and is not as easy to give.

Hemoglobin A1c Test

A simple blood test, the A1c ("glycosylated hemoglobin") is done on a sample of blood taken from a finger-stick or from a small vial of it drawn from your arm. Not to be confused with the daily at-home monitoring that allows some people with diabetes

to measure their blood sugars in the moment,

the A1c test paints a picture of your average blood sugar level for the past 3 months.

Symptoms of Diabetes

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes symptoms often appear suddenly and include:



High levels of sugar in the blood and urine

Frequent urination

Hunger

Thirst

Weight loss

Weakness

Tiredness

Mood swings

Nausea

Vomiting



Type 2 diabetes symptoms include thirst and regular need to urinate, tiredness, irritability and nausea. Skin infections, blurry vision, tingling or dry skin are also relatively common symptoms.

What is Diabetes ?

what is diabetes?  

To answer that, you first need to understand the role of insulin in your body.

When you eat, your body turns food into sugars, or glucose. At that point, your pancreas is supposed to release insulin.  Insulin serves as a “key” to open your cells, 

to allow the glucose to enter -- and allow you to use the glucose for energy.  



But with diabetes, this system does not work.This causes sugars to build up in the blood.

Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness,

kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.  



Diabetes is becoming increasingly more common throughout the world, due to increased obesity -which can lead to metabolic syndrome or pre-diabetes leading to higher incidences of type 2 diabetes.

How to prevent cancer

Cancer prevention

Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the risk of getting cancer. This can include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing substances, and taking medicines or vaccines that can prevent cancer from developing.

How to prevent cancer

1. Don't use tobacco

2. Eat a healthy diet

3. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.

4. Protect yourself from the sun

5. Get immunized

6. Avoid risky behaviors

7. Get regular medical care

Cancer -Test and Treatments

Tests to Find and Diagnose Cancer

Screening increases the chances of detecting certain cancers early, when they are most likely to be curable.



Biopsy

The procedure that takes out a piece of the lump, or a sample for testing is called a biopsy.



Endoscopy Procedures

Endoscopy is a medical procedure where a doctor puts a tube-like instrument into the body to look inside.



X-rays and Other Radiographic Tests for Cancer



Treatments



* Surgical Removal

* Radiotherepy

* Chemotherepy

Early Signs of Cancer

Early signs of cancer 

* Obvious change in the size, colour, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore.

* Thickening or lump in the breast, or elsewhere.

* Unusual bleeding or discharge.

* Coughing-up blood

* Persistent headaches

* Unexplained loss of weight or appetite

* Chronic pain in bones

* Persistent fatigue, nausea, or vomiting

What is Cancer and its Effects

Cancer

Cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue.

Osteosarcoma

A type of bone cancer that begins in the cells that form bones.

Carcinoma

Carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys

Lymphoma

A cancer of the lymphatic system.

Leukemia

A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body's ability to fight infection.